Return to Crusades-Encyclopedia Return to Crusades Bibliography
Bibliography- Peace and Truce of God Movements
C.1130. Oxford: Clarendon Press. 1993.
Bull convincingly rejects the idea (made popular by Carl Erdmann and rehabilitated by Tomaz
Mastnak) that that avenues for exercise of the profession of arms of arms for profit in the
West were cut off by the Peace movement and that this induced the warriors to embrace an
alternative war against Muslims.
Cowdrey, H. E. J. "Cluny and the First Crusade," Revue Bénédictine 83 (1975).
Cowdrey, H. E. J. "Pope Urban II's Preaching of the First Crusade." History 55 (1970): 177-88.
Cowdrey, H. E. J., "The Peace and the Truce of God in the Eleventh Century", Past and Present, 46 (1970), 42-
67
Duby, Georges, "The Laity and the Peace of God," The Age of Chivalry, tr. Cynthia Postan. Ithaca: Cornell U.
Press, 19.
Erdmann, Carl. The Origins of the Idea of the Crusade, trans. M. W. Baldwin and Walter Goffart, Princeton, NJ,
1977. (Originally published in German in 1935)
Erdmann's classic work argued in part that the crusades represented an export of violence to the
East as a result of ecclesiastical efforts to establish peace in the West. According to Erdmann this
resulted in a sanctification of warfare.
Head, Thomas. "The Development of the Peace of God in Aquitaine (970-1005)." Speculum, Vol. 74, No. 3 (Jul.,
1999), 656-686.
Head, Thomas & Richard Landes Eds. The Peace of God: Social Violence and Religious Response in France
around 1000. Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1995.
MacKinney, Loren C. “The People and Public Opinion in the Eleventh-Century Peace Movement.” Speculum 3:2
(1930), 201.
MacKinney's article pre-dated Erdmann's claims as she too argued (on a more limited basis) that a
"glorification" of violence resulted from the peace/truce of God movements.
Mastnak, Tomaz. Crusading Peace: Christendom, The Muslim World, and Western Political Order. Berkeley:
University of California Press, 2002.
Semichon, La paix et la treve de Dieu. Paris 1869.