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Ibn al Athir
The Arab historian Ibn al Athir (b.1160- d. 1233) is best known for his most important work, the Kamil at Tawarikh, a huge history of the entire world from a Muslim perspective. His work dealing with the crusaders is among the most valuable of his efforts, as he was an eyewitness to some events [he fought in Saladin's army at the age of 28] and made use sources including Ibn al Qalanisi and Imad al Din for events he did not witness. His tone is different than other Muslim sources, in that it is often less sympathetic to Saladin. This is especially true when his work is compared with the glowing depictions of Saladin found in the work of Imad al Din. He has been considered by some as the chief Muslim historian of the later crusades.

Ibn al Athir's account of the Third Crusade provides numerous interesting details. For example, he notes that when Saladin approached Jerusalem, they could tell the city was packed full from the crowds on the wall and "the roar" of people erupting from within. This was likely the result of so many Christian refuges from the surrounding area either seeking protection in the city, or seeking to defend it. It is excellent details like this, concerning the Third Crusade,  that makes al Athir's work so useful and readable.

Although Ibn al Athir is more balanced than many accounts in his depiction of Saladin, the work is marked by the author's obvious bias in favor of the Muslim cause. Ibn al Athir provides numerous examples of negative depictions of the Franks. In seeking to provide a selection of the author's spirited writing style, a brief snippet of his commentary on the Christian ruler of Tyre follows:
"In this year, on 13 rabi II, the Frankish Marquis, the ruler of Tyre-- God damn him!-- was killed. He was the greatest devil of all the Franks."

Dr. Niall Christie notes that Ibn al Athir's account is the third major source for the life of Saladin, but also an excellent account of Muslim-Christian interaction during the crusades. Interestingly, his account also claims that women were among the Christian fighting forces, but this is likely untrue as women and warfare were taboo in the West. No crusader sources makes such a claim and it would have been an effective way for al Athir to shame his enemies. While Christian women almost certainly participated in various aspects of defensive siege warfare, they did not march into battle with the army.
Third Crusade- Crusades-Encyclopedia
Primary Sources of the Third Crusade- Crusades-Encyclopedia
Imad al Din- Crusades-Encyclopedia
Ibn al Qalanisi- Crusades-Encyclopedia
Women and the Crusades- Crusades-Encyclopedia
Crusades Chroniclers and Authors of Primary Sources- Crusades-Encyclopedia
(c) Andrew Holt, May 2005- Permission is granted for electronic copying and distribution in print for educational and personal use. No permission is granted for commercial use.