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Ibn Tahir al Sulami
When the First Crusaders entered Syria in 1097, Ali Ibn Tahir al Sulami (d. 1106) was one of the first to speak out against passive Muslim rulers. He is also the author of possibly the earliest surviving account of a Muslim call for Jihad in response to the crusade, known as the Kitab al Jihad. He was not alone in his militancy, as he was from Damascus and others from the city were equally concerned about the arrival of the crusaders.

According to an article from scholar Hadia Dajani-Shakeel:

           Al Sulami defined the Crusade as an invasion by Western nations, which started with the conquest
           of Sicily and parts of al Andalus. The same nations, having encountered the weakness of the Muslims
           in the West and heard reports about their disunity in the East, marched against the East, while their
           ultimate goal was the conquest of Jerusalem. This definition of the Crusades by al Sulami appears to
           have escaped many modern historians, who allege that the Muslims underestimated the the nature
           and motives of the Crusades in the twelfth- century. Al Sulami, who preached in Damascus until
           his death, interpreted the Crusade as a divine warning to test the willingness of the Muslims to refrain
           from committing acts that God forbade and to undertake the duty of jihad, which they had neglected.
           He warned his contemporaries that if they did not act immediately, while the enemy was still weak
           and far from his sources of supply, they would not be able to uproot him.
(1)

[Continued...]

University of British-Columbia scholar Dr. Niall Christie is currently producing a full annotated edition and translation of the
Kitab al Jihad for a collaborative work with Dr. Debra Gerish of Emporia State University. The work will provide an analysis and comparison of al Sulami's work with Pope Urban II's calling of the First Crusade. For more information, see the University of British Columbia projects page.

1. Hadia Dajani Shakeel- Some Medieval Accounts of Salah al Din's Recovery of Jerusalem (Al Quds) Internet History Sourcebooks.
A Translation of Extracts from the Kitab al Jihad of Ali Ibn Tahir al Sulami (d. 1106) Cornell University
Article by Hadia Dajani-Shakeel- Some Medieval Accounts of  Salah al-Din's Recovery of Jerusalem (Al Quds) Internet History Sourcebooks
Dr. Niall Christie- Crusades-Encyclopedia
First Crusade- Crusades-Encyclopedia
Primary Sources of the First Crusade- Crusades-Encyclopedia
Crusades Chroniclers and Authors of Primary Sources- Crusades-Encyclopedia
Concepts of Jihad- Crusades Encyclopedia
(c) Andrew Holt, May 2005- Permission is granted for electronic copying and distribution in print for educational and personal use. No permission is granted for commercial use.