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Michael Lower
University of Minnesota scholar Dr. Michael Lower received his doctorate in 1999 from the University of Cambridge where he studied with the influential crusades scholar Jonathan Riley-Smith. In addition to the crusades, his broader interests in the middle ages include violence against minorities, the individuals relationship to organized religion, and cross cultural contact between Christians, Muslims, and Jews. At the University of Minnesota Dr. Lower teaches courses on the crusades, the medieval church, authority and dissent in the Middle Ages, the comparative history of medieval minority communities, and Christians, Muslims, and Jews in the medieval Mediterranean. Dr. Lower is well known for his scholarly endeavors, especially related to his work on the crusades. He has presented or chaired at numerous academic conferences including most recently the 39th and 40th International Congress on Medieval Studies at Kalamazoo, Michigan, the 42nd Annual  Midwest Medieval History Conference, and the Medieval Academy of America [2003]. Dr. Lower has been very helpful with many students at such events by kindly offering much appreciated suggestions and guidance for their careers whether they attend the University of Minnesota or elsewhere. In addition to his teaching and conference activities, Dr. Lower has numerous works either already published or under revision and awaiting publication. These include, “Tunis 1270: A New Vantage Point on Medieval Interfaith Relations,” International History Review (forthcoming). “Conversion and Saint Louis’s Last Crusade,” Journal of Ecclesiastical History (forthcoming). The Baron's Crusade: A Call to Arms and Its Consequences (Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2005.) “Negotiating Interfaith Relations in Eastern Christendom: Pope Gregory IX, Bela IV of Hungary, and the Latin Empire,” Essays in Medieval Studies 21 (2004): 49-62. Jonathan Riley-Smith- Crusades-Encyclopedia Dr. Michael Lower- Faculty Page at the University of Minnesota Medieval European History at the University of Minnesota- University of Minnesota History of the Crusades: Hist 3613- Course Syllabus- Dr. Michael Lower Dr. Michael Lower. "Negotiating Interfaith Relations in Eastern Christendom: Pope Gregory IX, Bela IV of Hungary and the Latin Empire" Essays in Medieval Studies, Volume 21-2004, pg 49-62. [Excerpt only- For the full article, you need access through a subscribing library-Project Muse] (c) Andrew Holt, August 2005- Permission is granted for electronic copying and distribution in print for educational or personal use. No permission is granted for commercial use.