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| Nicetas Choniates or Niketas Khoniates |
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| The Byzantine historian Nicetas Choniates (b.1155- d.1216) provides the sole major Byzantine account of the sack of Constantinople by western Christian armies during the Fourth Crusade. Other sources include the minor account of the Byzantine eyewitness Nicolas Mesarites, as well as the crusader sources of Geoffroy de Villehardouin, Robert of Clari, and Gunther von Pairis. A letter of reprimand from Pope Innocent III to his legate with the crusaders in the wake of the attack also survives. Nicetas was a member of the lesser nobility from Chonia and his brother was the Archbishop of Athens. Nicetas was the author of a twenty-one volume History of the Times, which began in 1118 where Anna Comnena's history ended. His work details both the Third and Fourth Crusades, but is especially valuable as an eyewitness account of the Fourth Crusade. After the capture of Constantinople in 1204, Nicetas fled to Nicaea, the site of the Byzantine government in exile under the leadership of Emperor Theodoris Lascaris. There he completed his Byzantine account of the Fourth Crusade as well as his smaller work On the Statues Destroyed by the Latins. he died between 1210 and 1220, most likely around 1216. His descriptions of the crusader's sack of Constantinople are exceptionally vivid. He describes the looting of relics from the churches, as well as the desecration of the churches, particularly Hagia Sophia. Below is a selection from the work that best demonstrates the tone and spirit of the account. Nay more, a certain harlot, a sharer in their [the crusaders] guilt, a minister of the furies, a servant of the demons, a worker of incantations and poisonings, insulting Christ, sat in the Patriarch's seat, singing an obsene song and dancing frequently. Nor, indeed, were these crimes committed and others left undone, on the ground that these were of lesser guilt, the others of greater. But with one consent all the most heinous sins and crimes were committed by all with equal zeal. Could those, who showed so great madness against God Himself, have spared the honorable matrons and maidens or virgins consecrated to God? For a lengthier selection of the work, see the partial text provided below by the Internet History Sourcebooks |
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| Nicetas Choniates [Partial Text] The Sack of Constantinople- Internet History Sourcebooks | ||||||||||||||||||
| Crusades Chroniclers and Authors of Primary Source Texts- Crusades-Encyclopedia | ||||||||||||||||||
| Fourth Crusade- Crusades-Encyclopedia | ||||||||||||||||||
| Primary Sources of the Fourth Crusade- Crusades-Encyclopedia | ||||||||||||||||||
| Nicolas Mesarites- Crusades-Encyclopedia | ||||||||||||||||||
| Robert of Clari- Crusades-Encyclopedia | ||||||||||||||||||
| Pope Innocent III- Crusades-Encyclopedia | ||||||||||||||||||
| Geoffroy de Villehardouin- Crusades-Encyclopedia | ||||||||||||||||||
| Gunther von Pairis- Crusades-Encyclopedia | ||||||||||||||||||
| Sack of Constantinople- Crusades-Encyclopedia | ||||||||||||||||||
| Byzantium- Crusades-Encyclopedia | ||||||||||||||||||
| Anna Comnena- Crusades-Encyclopedia | ||||||||||||||||||
| (c) Andrew Holt, May 2005- Permission is granted for electronic copying and distribution in print for educational and personal use. No permission is granted for commercial use. | ||||||||||||||||||