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Crusades-Encyclopedia |
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| Return to Crusades Encyclopedia Return to Table of Contents |
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| Biblical References in Crusades Preaching and Propaganda |
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| The texts of Crusades Preachers and Chroniclers are full of biblical references. This page provides only a tiny sampling. |
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Sixth Crusade |
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Related Links |
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| Pre-Crusades |
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Link to this website's section on The Bible and War |
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Seventh Crusade |
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| Jeremiah 48:10 - "Cursed is he who does the work of the Lord with slackness; and cursed is he who keeps back his sword from bloodshed." Cited by Pope Gregory VII, who first considered a Crusade in 1074. |
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Eighth Crusade |
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Link to this website's section on The Koran and War |
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Albigensian Crusade |
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Link to this website's section on Concepts of Jihad |
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2 Timothy 2:19- Arnold Amaury at Beziers cited a paraphrased version when he advised the Crusaders, "Kill them all. God will know His own." |
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Link to this website's section on the Just War Theory |
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First Crusade
Psalm 45:3- "'Gird thy sword upon thy thigh O mighty one..." Cited by Pope Urban II according to Balderic of Dol's account of his speech at Clermont in 1095.
Maccabees 1-Maccabees 2 "If in olden times the Maccabees attained to the highest praise of piety because they fought for the ceremonies and the Temple, it is also justly granted you, Christian soldiers, to defend their liberty of your country by armed endeavor." This is a general reference to the Maccabees by Pope Urban II according to Guibert de Nogent account of the Pope's speech at Clermont. *Although Protestants do not include the Maccabean books in their canon of their bible, Catholic and Orthodox Christians did and still do.
Exodus 17:8 "Moreover, you who are to go shall have us praying for you; we shall have you fighting for God's people. It is our duty to pray, yours to fight against the Amalekites. With Moses, we shall extend unwearied hands in prayer to Heaven, while you go forth and brandish the sword, like dauntless warriors, against Amalek." Here Pope Urban II references the example of the Israelite's militarism directed toward the Amalekites as an example for the crusaders. Specifically Moses and his holding up of the rod in deference to God during battle to insure victory. Here the Pope also makes a distinction between clergy and combatants. |
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Children's Crusade |
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Northern Crusades |
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Italian Crusade |
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Reconquista |
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Second Crusade |
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Third Crusade |
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Ecclesiastes 7:26 - Cited by Ralph Niger-Referencing women as the "snare of the Devil" and their presence as a problem on a Crusade. See De Re Militari |
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Numbers 25:6-11- Cited by Ralph Niger- Referencing the sinful presence of women on Crusades, Niger pointed to tbe biblical example of the Israelites killing the sinful Midianite woman to appease God. See De Re Militari |
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Fourth Crusade |
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Fifth Crusade |
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Deuteronomy 23: 9-10 Cited by Jacque de Vitry concerning the need for spiritual purity and the avoidance of sin before combat [Sermon 37] |
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Deuteronomy 20:1-4- Cited by Jacque de Vitry to remind Crusaders that when God's warriors are outnumbered in battle, they need not be afraid as God is with them. [Sermon 37] |
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Zechariah 1:8-10-Cited by Jacque de Vitry as a prefigurement of the Crusading orders [Sermon 37] |
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