The Northern Crusades
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| Crusades-Encyclopedia The Northern Crusades |
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| Primary Sources | Related Links | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Dr. Eric Christiansen, perhaps the leading current scholar of the Northern Crusades, has defined the movement as "the struggles waged round the Baltic from the twelfth to the sixteenth centuries in the name of Christianity...The starting point comes at the end of the Viking Age, when Scandinavian rulers found themselves shut off from the long range overseas conquests of the past, and challenged by the newly invigorated Slav nations in home waters." Dr. Christiansen uses the Pope's authorization of a Holy War in 1147 against the "heathen" of the North as a starting point for the Northern Crusades and ends in 1505 at the Russian frontier when the final crusading Bull was issued from Rome. See Eric Christiansen. The Northern Crusades. (London: Penguin, 1997), 1. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Link to this web site's section on the Primary Sources of the Northern Crusades | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| The Rule and Statutes of the Teutonic Knights ORB: The Online Reference Book for Medieval Studies | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Crusades-Encyclopedia Entries for the Northern Crusades | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Descriptions of Warfare in The Rhyme Chronicle of Livonia DeReMilitari.org | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Eric Christiansen | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| William Urban | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Collected Accounts: Eight Documents Relating to the Baltic Crusades 1199-1266 DeReMilitari.Org | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Teutonic Knights | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Prussian Crusades | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Lithuanian Crusade | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Secondary Sources | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Livonian Crusade | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Axel Ehlers The Crusade of the Teutonic Knights Reconsidered Chapter in Crusade and Conversion on the Baltic Frontier DeReMilitari.Org | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Estonian Crusade | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Novgorod | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Articles | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| King Magnus | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Dr. William Urban A Historical Overview of the Crusade to Livonia ORB: Online Reference Book for Medieval Studies | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Andrejs Plakans Invasion, Conquest, and the Creation of Livonia Chapter in The Latvians: A Short History DeReMilitari.Org | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Wendish Crusade | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Saxo Grammaticus | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Dr. William Urban The Origin of the Livonian War 1558 Lithuanian Quarterly | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Dr. William Urban Victims of the Baltic Crusade Monmouth College | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Ruth WIlliamson Primary Source Analysis of The Chronicle of Henry of Livonia The University of Washington | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| John Parker: Primary Source Analysis of The Livonian Rhymed Chronicle The University of Washington | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Ruth Williamson The Baltic Crusade The Encyclopedia of Baltic History The University of Washington | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Dr. William Urban The Angevin's Dynasty's Failure Monmouth College | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Return to Table of Contents | ||||||||||||||||||||||||